We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Desk 4 Organization anywhere between dowry/bride speed (paid back by during the-rules away from siblings, others on Litauisk kvinnelige personer community and you can society) and you can wife’s updates regarding marital family (OLS)
cuatro.step 3 Talk and you can robustness monitors
Into the deciding this new ladies’ reputation from the relationship domestic, the result of your net dowry (dowry without fiance rate) may matter. Keep in mind that the level of deferred mehr is included independently away from the web dowry as the former is never paid unless divorce case takes place and cannot qualify assets delivered towards the relationship. The results advise that the possessions delivered on ount) enhance her choice-and then make energy and you can liberty. Such self-confident contacts commonly stunning as the this new connections from fiance price paid off at the time of marriage manage counter so you’re able to those of dowry however estimations.
Perhaps, a heightened ages otherwise education distinction you are going to weaken the latest wife’s updates on the relationship household. In addition to ages variation along with education difference (substitution the fresh husband’s decades and you can education) doesn’t change the main outcomes, together with coefficients of those details are not significant (Appendix Desk 9, Committee B).
The estimate techniques is repeated by the replacement dowry and you can bride-to-be price with net dowry (Appendix Desk nine, Panel A beneficial)
That you will argue that exactly how many ages as relationship are important because the end result of dowry (or bride to be rates) might be deeper soon after marriage. Together with age due to the fact ount from dowry (substitution woman’s many years on marriage) magnifies the beds base effect of dowry when you look at the women’s freedom however, reduces their magnitude in addition to importance peak from inside the women’s decision-making (Appendix Dining table nine, Panel C). This implies you to definitely a bigger dowry escalates the wife’s liberty in the marital household immediately following matrimony; however, brand new association is not notably impacted by brand new passing of decades as the marriage.
Zero measure of gender ideology is roofed however quote on account of endogeneity concerns. You to definitely you will believe addition of these strategies can get weaken the latest association between dowry and you can ladies’ condition in the relationship domestic. Although we cannot reject the possibility that choice and you may ideological values concerning the gender interactions aren’t inherent and change over the relationship lifestyle, this new quote techniques try constant by the as well as a couple of strategies getting child preference: the first variable means you to in the event that wife’s top amount of sons is greater than regarding daughters while the second equals that when the partner desires to give degree in order to sons in lieu of to daughters. Handling to possess gender ideology cannot significantly change the main quote abilities (Appendix Table 9, Committee D). Remarkably, ladies’ decision-making was undoubtedly regarding the son taste. However, it is adversely for the taste to have taking higher education in order to sons than daughters. A possible interpretation is the fact highly educated feminine tends to be up against gender inequality inside the education and start to become a lot more energized on marital domestic however, prefer which have a great deal more sons than just daughters. So it looks consistent with certain established studies showing you to son taste is more commonplace one of very knowledgeable female unlike uneducated women when you look at the South China (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you will Preston 1991).
